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肾上腺组织分离手册

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Worthington组织消化指南

引言

组织消化酶主要用于组织培养和细胞生物学研究的原代细胞的分离和收集。尽管这些消化酶已经普遍应用多年,但是对其组织消化和细胞收集的作用机制却没有全面的理解。  由此导致的结果便是选择一种消化方法大多是随机选择或基于过去的经验,而不是在*理解消化原理的基础上选择的消化方案,以及如何根据具体实验目的修正消化方案以获得更好的实验结果。

细胞分离程序的目的是zui大程度的获得功能活性的单个细胞,而影响结果的原因有很多,包括(不限于)以下:

1、组织类型

2、物种来源

3、动物年龄

4、遗传改造情况(如knockouts

5、所用的消化培养液

6、所用的酶

7、消化酶中的杂质

8、所用消化酶的工作浓度

9、温度

10孵育时间

通常前四个原因没办法选择,而剩下的原因一般由经验决定以获取zui适实验结果。

通过查阅文献来选择*组织消化酶和zui适消化条件的研究人员通常被互相矛盾的实验数据搞得一头雾水。这些巨大差异来源于组织胞外基质的复杂而动态的特性,以及过去常用的粗制、未提纯的组织分离酶。另外,组织胞外基质由各种蛋白、糖蛋白、脂类和糖脂组成,这些成分的组成比例在不同物种、不同组织、甚至不同发育(年龄)之间存在明显的差异,这些因素都极大的影响了消化方案的制定。目前通常使用的粗制酶,如链霉蛋白酶、NF1:250、以及含有几种其他不同浓度蛋白酶的胶原酶、以及各种多糖酶、核酶和脂酶。

本指南总结了目前常用组织消化酶的zui适消化和细胞收集知识和方法,描述了标准的实验步骤, 便于制定一个*的细胞分离方案,同时列举了一些相关的参考文献。

下表列出多种组织的适宜消化酶(含参考文献,以组织类型和物种分类,详见链接)

脂肪组织

肾上腺组织

骨组织

脑组织

软骨组织

结肠组织

内皮组织

上皮组织

心脏

淋巴结

乳腺

其它组织

其他组织

肌组织

神经组织

胰腺

腮腺

垂体

前列腺

生殖

动物鳞片

皮肤

脾脏

干细胞

胸腺

甲状腺/甲状旁腺

扁桃体

肿瘤

 

 

 

注:使用Worthington公司消化酶的文献不限于上表链接中所列,一般而言,Worthington公司的组织消化酶可用于大多组织类型的消化。

 

肾上腺组织分离手册

 

物种详细来源细胞名称消化用酶培养基参考文献
ChromaffinCollagenase Type 1: 0.1-0.2%DMEM/F12Dominguez, N., Rodri璯uez, M., Machado, J. and Borges, R.: Preparation and Culture of Adrenal Chromaffin Cells., Methods Mol Biol 846, 223, 2012
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.003-0.015%
Hyaluronidase: 0.015%
牛, 6 个月ChromaffinCollagenase Type 1: 0.125%Locke's solutionMoustafa T, Girod S, Tortosa F, Li R, Sol JC, Rodriguez F, Bastide R, Lazorthes Y, Sallerin B: Viability and functionality of b绵羊 chromaffin cells encapsulated into alginate-PLL microcapsules with a liquefied inner core, Cell Transplant 15, 121-33, 2006
Chromaffin cellsCollagenase: 0.1%DMEMHahm, S., Chen, Y., Vinson, C. and Eiden, L.: A Calcium-Initiated Signaling Pathway Propagated Through Calcineurin and cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Activates Proenkephalin Gene Transcription after Depolarization., Mol Pharmacol 64, 1503, 2003
Deoxyribonuclease I: 30 u/ml
ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.2%Locke's solutionOrtega, J., Sagen, J., and Pappas, G.: Short-term Immunosuppression Enhances Long-term Survival of B绵羊 Chromaffin Cell Xenografts in Rat CNS,Cell Transplant 1, 33, 1992
ChromaffinDeoxyribonuclease I: 30 u/mgHEPESZhu, J., Li, W., Toews, M., and Hexum, T.: Neuropeptide Y Inhibits Forskolin-Stimulated Adenylate Cyclase in B绵羊 Adrenal Chromaffin Cells via a Pertussis Toxin-Sensitive Process, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 263 (3), 1479, 1992
HeartTrypsin: 0.06%25mM HEPES buffered Locke's solution, CMFTrifaro, J., Tang, R., and Novas, M.: Monolayer Co-Culture of Rat Heart Cells and B绵羊 Adrenal Chromaffin Paraneurons, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 335, 1990
(also 大鼠)Adrenal chromaffin 
 Paraneurons
ChromaffinCollagenase Type 1: 0.25 %DMEMDahmer, M., Hart, P., and Perlman, R.: Studies on the Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I on Catecholamine Secretion from Chromaffin Cells, J Neurochem 54 (3), 931, 1990
ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.2%Locke's solutionHiggins, L., and Berg, D.: Immunological Identification of a Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on B绵羊 Chromaffin Cells, J Neurosci 7 (6), 1792, 1987
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.015%
ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.05%Locke's solution, CMFAunis, D., Rotllan, P., and Miras-Portugal, M.: Incorporation of Adenosine into Nucleotides of Chromaffin Cells in Culture, Neurochem Int 7, 89, 1985
ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.15%Kreb's, CMFAlmazan, G., Aunis, D., Garcia, A., Montiel, C., Nicolas, G., and Sanchez-Garcia, P.: Effects Of CLS on the Release of Noradrenaline From Chromaffin Cells, Br J Biomed Sci 81, 599, 1984
ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.1%(see reference)Pollard, H., Pazoles, C., Creutz, C., Scott, J., Zinder, O., and Hotchkiss, A.:An Osmotic Mechanism For Exocytosis From Dissociated Chromaffin Cells, J Biol Chem 259, 1114, 1984
ChromaffinCollagenase Type 1: 0.05%CF Kreb'sCena, V., Garcia, A., Montiel, C., and Sanchez-Garcia, P.: Uptake of [3H]-nicotine and [3H]-noradrenaline by Cultured Chromaffin Cells, Br J Pharmacol 81, 119, 1984
ChromaffinCollagenase Type 1: 0.025%HBSS, modifiedWaymire, J., Bennett, W., Boehme, R., Hankins, L., Gilmer-Waymire, K., and Haycock, J.: B绵羊 Adrenal Chromaffin Cells: High-Yield Purification and Viability in Suspension Culture, J Neurosci Methods 7, 329, 1983
MedullaHyaluronidase: 0.2%Saline w/BSA 0.5%Knight, D. and Baker, P.: Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in Isolated B绵羊 Adrenal Medullary Cells, Q J Exp Physiol 68, 123, 1983
MedullaCollagenase: 0.2%Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, CMFGreenberg, A. and Zinder, O.: alpha- and beta-Receptor Control of Catecholamine Secretion from Isolated Adrenal Medulla Cells, Cell Tissue Res226, 655, 1982
ChromaffinDeoxyribonuclease I: 15 礸/mlMedium AWilson, S.P., and Viveros, O.H.: Primary Culture of Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells in a Chemically Defined Medium, Exp Cell Res 133, 159, 1981
(see reference)
MedullaProtease: 0.2%SalineBaker, P., and Knight., D: Calcium Control of Exocytosis and Endocytosis in B绵羊 Adrenal Medullary Cells, Phil Trans R Soc Lond 296, 83, 1981
ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.05%Locke's solution, CMFTrifaro, J.M., and Lee, R.W.: Morphological Characteristics and Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in B绵羊 Adrenal Chromaffin Cell Cultures, Neuroscience 5, 1533, 1980
牛, 成年的ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.5%HBSSUnsicker, K., Rieffert, B., and Ziegler, W.: Effects of Cell Culture Conditions, Nerve Growth Factor, Dexamethasone, and Cyclic AMP on Adrenal Chromaffin Cells In Vitro, Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 255, 51, 1980
(还有大鼠, 加拿大-威斯塔, 年幼的; 豚鼠, 初生)
ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.25%F-12 mediumKumakura, K., Karoum, F., Guidotti, A., and Costa, E.: Modulation of Nicotinic Receptors by Opiate Receptor Agonists in Cultured Adrenal Chromaffin Cells, Nature 283, 489, 1980
MedullaCollagenase: 0.05%Locke's solution, CFKilpatrick, D., Ledbetter, F., Carson, K., Kirshner, A., Slepetis, R., and Kirshner, N.: Stability of B绵羊 Adrenal Medulla Cells in Culture, J Neurochem 35 (3), 679, 1980
牛, 成年的MedullaCollagenase Type 1: 0.5%HBSSUnsicker, K., and Griesser, G.: Establishment, Characterization and Fibre Outgrowth of Isolated B绵羊 Adrenal Medullary Cells in Long-Term Cultures,Neuroscience 5, 1445, 1980
ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.05%DMEMAunis, D., Guerold, B., Bader, M-F., and Cieselski-Treska, J.:Immunocytochemical and Biochemical Demonstration of Contractile Proteins in Chromaffin Cells, Neuroscience 5, 2261, 1980
MedullaryCollagenase Type 2: 0.2%HEPESHersey, R., and DiStefano, V.: Control of Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase by Glucocorticoids in Cultured B绵羊 Adrenal Medullary Cells, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 209 (1), 147, 1979
ForeskinCollagenase: 0.5%Dulbecco's MEM w/10% calf serumFolkman, J., Haudenschild, C. C., and Zetter, B. R.: Long-term Culture of Capillary Endothlial Cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76, 5217, 1979
MedullaCollagenase Type 1: 0.05%Kreb's, CFFenwick, E., Fajdiga, P., Howe, N., and Livett, B.: Functional and Morphological Characterization of Isolated B绵羊 Adrenal Medullary Cell, J Cell Biol 76, 12, 1978
ChromaffinHyaluronidase: 0.2%HEPES, CFBrooks, J.C.: The Isolated B绵羊 Adrenomedullary Chromaffin Cell: A Model of Neuronal Excitation-Secretion, Endocrinology 101, 1369, 1977
牛, 雄性ChromaffinCollagenase Type 1: 0.2%Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer, CFSchneider, A., Herz, R., and Rosenheck, K.: Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in Chromaffin Isolated From Adrenal Medulla, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 74, 5036, 1977
豚鼠豚鼠, 500-700克ChromaffinCollagenase: BSSRole, L.W., Leeman, S.E., and Perlman, R.L.: Somatostain and Substance P Inhibit Catecholamine Secretion from Isolated Cells of 豚鼠 Adrenal Medulla, Neurochem Int 6, 1813, 1981
Medulla(see reference)
豚鼠豚鼠 ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.5%HBSSUnsicker, K., Rieffert, B., and Ziegler, W.: Effects of Cell Culture Conditions, Nerve Growth Factor, Dexamethasone, and Cyclic AMP on Adrenal Chromaffin Cells In Vitro, Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 255, 51, 1980
(还有大鼠,汉诺威-威斯塔, 年幼的; 初生; 牛)
豚鼠豚鼠AdrenalCollagenase: 0.05%-0.20%Kreb's-Ringer bicarb glucose buffer, CFHochman, J., and Perlman, R.L.: Catecholamine Secretion by Isolated Adrenal Cells, Biochim Biophys Acta 421, 168, 1976
Chromaffin
仓鼠仓鼠 (金仓鼠) 100-150 克Adrenal Hyaluronidase: 0.20%Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate bufferLiang, B.T., and Perlman, R.L.: Catecholamine Secretion by 仓鼠 Adrenal Cells, J Neurochem 32, 927, 1979
Chromaffin
人类人类Adrenal medulla progenitorCollagenase: 0.2%DMEM/F-12Santana, M., Chung, K., Vukicevic, V., Rosmaninho-Salgado, J., Kanczkowski, W., Cortez, V., Hackmann, K., Bastos, C., Mota, A., Schrock, E., Bornstein, S., Cavadas, C. and Ehrhart-Bornstein, M.: Isolation, Characterization, and Differentiation of Progenitor Cells from 人类 Adult Adrenal Medulla., Stem Cells Transl Med 1, 783, 2012
人类人类Chromaffin cellsCollagenase: 0.2%Locke's solutionJeon, Y., Baek, W., Chung, S., Shin, N., Kim, H., and Lee, S.: Cultured 人类 Chromaffin Cells Grafted in Spinal Subarachnoid Space Relieves Allodynia in a Pain Rat Model., Korean J Anesthesiol 60, 357, 2011
人类人类AdrenocorticalCollagenase Type 1: 0.2%Krebs RingerCaroccia, B., Fassina, A., Seccia, T., Recarti, C., Petrelli, L., Belloni, A., Pelizzo, M. and Rossi, G.: Isolation of 人类 Adrenocortical Aldosterone-Producing Cells by a Novel Immunomagnetic Beads Method., Endocrinology 151, 1375, 2010
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.01%
人类人类, 成年的ChromaffinTrypsin: 0.25%Eagle's MEMTischler, A., DeLellis, R., Bailes, B., Nunnemacher, G.,Carabba, V., and Wolfe, H.: Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Neurite Outgrowth from Normal 人类 Chromaffin Cells, Lab Invest 43, 399, 1980
人类人类, 成年的和小孩ForeskinCollagenase: 0.5%Dulbecco's MEM w/10% calf serumFolkman, J., Haudenschild, C. C., and Zetter, B. R.: Long-term Culture of Capillary Endothlial Cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76, 5217, 1979
小鼠小鼠ChromaffinCollagenase Type 1: 0.1-0.2%DMEM/F12Dominguez, N., Rodri璯uez, M., Machado, J. and Borges, R.: Preparation and Culture of Adrenal Chromaffin Cells., Methods Mol Biol 846, 223, 2012
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.003-0.015%
Hyaluronidase: 0.015%
小鼠小鼠, 8-10 周ChromaffinPapain: 40 u/mlDMEMKolski-Andreaco, A., Cai, H., Currle, D., Chandy, K. and Chow, R.: 小鼠 Adrenal Chromaffin Cell Isolation., J Vis Exp 2, 129, 2007
小鼠小鼠, 胚胎Chromafin cellsPapain: 20-25 u/mlDMEMTian Jin-Hua, Wu Zheng-Xing, Unzicker Michael, Lu Li, Cai Qian, Li Cuiling, Schirra Claudia, Matti Ulf, Stevens David, Deng Chuxia, Rettig Jens, Sheng Zu-Hang: The role of Snapin in neurosecretion: snapin knock-out mice exhibit impaired calcium-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles in chromaffin cells, J Neurosci 25, 10546-55, 2005
绵羊绵羊, 成年的和胚胎AdrenocorticalCollagenase Type 1: 0.4%DMEM/Ham's F12Valego, N. and Rose, J.: A Specific CRH Antagonist Attenuates ACTH-Stimulated Cortisol Secretion in 绵羊 Adrenocortical Cells., Reprod Sci 17, 477, 2010
绵羊绵羊, 胚胎AdrenocorticalCollagenase Type 1: 0.4%DMEM/Ham's F12Valego, N., Su, Y., Carey, L., Young, S., Tatter, S., Wang, J. and Rose, J.:Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disconnection in Fetal Sheep Blocks the Peripartum Increases in Adrenal Responsiveness and Adrenal ACTH Receptor Expression.,Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289, R410, 2005
绵羊绵羊, 成年Chromaffin cellsCollagenase Type 2: 0.2%Locke's solutionKeating, D., Rychkov, G., Adams, M., Holgert, H., McMillen, I.C. and Roberts, M.: Opioid Receptor Stimulation Suppresses the Adrenal Medulla Hypoxic Response in Sheep by Actions on Ca(2+) and K(+) Channels., J Physiol555, 489, 2004
Deoxyribonuclease I: 100 u/ml
绵羊绵羊, 3 年Anterior pituitaryTrypsin: 2.5%DMEMCanny B J, O'Farrell K A, Clarke I J, Tilbrook A J: The influence of sex and gonadectomy on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis of the sheep, J Endocrinol 162, 215-25, 1999
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.004%
大鼠大鼠ChromaffinCollagenase Type 1: 0.1-0.2%DMEM/F12Dominguez, N., Rodri璯uez, M., Machado, J. and Borges, R.: Preparation and Culture of Adrenal Chromaffin Cells., Methods Mol Biol 846, 223, 2012
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.003-0.015%
Hyaluronidase: 0.015%
大鼠大鼠ChromaffinCollagenase Type 1: 0.26%HBSSGilabert, J, Montalvo, G, and Artalejo A.: Rat Chromaffin Cells Primary Cultures: Standardization and Quality Assessment for Single-Cell Assays,Nat Protoc , 294, 2006
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.015%
Hyaluronidase: 0.015%
大鼠大鼠, SDChromaffin cellsCollagenase Type 1: 0.26%HBSSGilabert, J: Necessary Conditions to Maintain Rat Adrenal Chromaffin Cells in Primary Culture,Cell Biology of the Chromaffin Cell,Borges, R. and Gandia, L., Instituto Teofilo Hernando, , 2004
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.015%
Hyaluronidase: 0.015%
大鼠大鼠, SD, 雄性Zona fasciculata/reticularisCollagenase: 0.4%Krebs-HEPESBruder Eric D, Ball Dennis L, Goodfriend Theodore L, Raff Hershel: An oxidized metabolite of linoleic acid stimulates corticosterone production by rat adrenal cells, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284, R1631-5, 2003
大鼠大鼠, 威斯塔, 初生Chromaffin cellsCollagenase Type 1: 0.025%DMEMZhang L, Casl A, Avila E, Drucker-Col铆n R, Escobar A:Immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and neurochemical evidences on synaptogenesis and dopamine release of rat chromaffin cells co-cultured with striatal neurons, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59, 170-4, 2000
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.0015%
大鼠大鼠, SD, 雄性ZGCollagenase Type 1: 0.2%Kreb'sSayed, S., Whitehouse, B., and Jones, P.: Phosphoserine/Threonine Phosphatases in the Rat Adrenal Cortex: A Role in the Control of Steroidogenesis, J Endocrinol 154, 449, 1997
ZFR
大鼠大鼠, 费希尔, 雄性, 10-16周AdrenocorticalDeoxyribonuclease I: 0.005%BSSRoskelley, C.D. and Auersperg, N.: Density Separation of Rat Adrenocortical Cells: Morphology, Steroidogenesis, and P-450scc Expression in Primary Culture,In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 493, 1990
大鼠大鼠, 雄性, 120-160 g, LeydigCollagenase Type 2: 0.03% (adrenal)Krebs Ringer bicarbonate bufferNg, T. and Liu, W.: Toxic Effect of Heavy Metals on Cells Isolated from the Rat Adrenal and Testis, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 24, 1990
大鼠, SD, 雄性, 400-450 gAdrenal
大鼠大鼠, SD, 2-4 day oldHeartTrypsin: 0.06%25mM HEPES buffered Locke's solution, CMFTrifaro, J., Tang, R., and Novas, M.: Monolayer Co-Culture of Rat Heart Cells and B绵羊 Adrenal Chromaffin Paraneurons, In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26, 335, 1990
(also 牛)Adrenal chromaffin 
 Paraneurons
大鼠大鼠, Long-Evans, 雌性, 150-200 gGlomerulosaCollagenase: 0.2%MEM-d-ValPayet, N., Deziel, Y., and Lehoux, J.-G.: Vasopressin: A Potent Growth Factor in Adrenal Glomerulosa Cells in Culture, J Steroid Biochem 20, 449, 1984
大鼠大鼠, 费希尔, 雄性, 1-10月AdrenocorticalDeoxyribonuclease I: 0.005%BSSLeonard, R.K., Auersperg, N., and Parkes, C.O.: Ascorbic Acid Accumulation by Cultured Rat Adrenocortical Cells, In Vitro 19, 46, 1983
大鼠大鼠, SD, 雄性, 400-450 克DecapularDeoxyribonuclease I: 0.01%Medium 199Li, C.H., Ng, T.B., and Cheng, C.H.K.: Melanotropins: Aldosterone- and Corticosterone-Stimulating Activity in Isolated Rat Adrenal Cells, Int J Pept Protein Res 19, 361, 1982
Capsular
Glomerulosa
大鼠大鼠ChromaffinTrypsin: 0.10%Ham's F-12 w/HEPESEnglert, D.F.: An Optical Study of Isolated Rat Adrenal Chromaffin Cells, Exp Cell Res 125, 369, 1980
大鼠大鼠, 汉诺威-威斯塔, 第二出生后的一周 (还有 豚鼠, 牛)ChromaffinCollagenase: 0.5%HBSSUnsicker, K., Rieffert, B., and Ziegler, W.: Effects of Cell Culture Conditions, Nerve Growth Factor, Dexamethasone, and Cyclic AMP on Adrenal Chromaffin Cells, Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 25, 51, 1980
大鼠大鼠 , SD, 雌性, 200 克GlomerulosaDeoxyribonuclease I: 0.05%Kreb'sBraley, L., Williams, G., and Bradwin, G.: The Effect of Unit Gravity Sedimentation on Adrenal Steroidogenesis by Isolated Rat Glomerulosa and Fasciculata Cells, Endocrinology 106 (1), 50, 1980
大鼠大鼠ForeskinCollagenase: 0.5%Dulbecco's MEM w/10% calf serumFolkman, J., Haudenschild, C. C., and Zetter, B. R.: Long-term Culture of Capillary Endothlial Cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76, 5217, 1979
大鼠大鼠, 汉诺威-威斯塔, 7-12 天MedullaryTrypsin: 0.125%HBSSUnsicker, K., Krisch, B., Otten, U., and Thoenen, H.: Nerve Growth Factor-Induced Fiber Outgrowth From Isolated Rat Adrenal Chromaffin Cells: Impairment by Glucocorticoids, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75 (7), 3498, 1978
大鼠大鼠, SD, 雄性CorticalTrypsin: 0.25%Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate bufferBarofsky, A., Feinstein, M., and Halkerston, I.: Enzymatic and Mechanical Requirements for the Dissociation of Cortical Cells From Rat Adrenal Glands,Exp Cell Res 79, 263, 1973
大鼠大鼠, Holtzman, 雄性, 180-250 gAdrenalCollagenase Type 1: 0.5%Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate bufferKloppenborg, P., Island, D., Liddle, G., Michelakis, A., and Nicholson, W.: A Method of Preparing Adrenal Cell Suspensions and Its Applicability to the In Vitro Study of Adrenal Metabolism, Endocrinology 82, 1053, 1968

 

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7:我们还是invitrogen,qiagen,Worthington Biochemical am,sigma;Promega,roche,merck, rnd,BD, GE,pierce,BioLegend等*批发,欢迎合作。

 

 

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